Manufacture of Protein Array
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It is important that the chip retains proteins preferably in their active state and several proteins can be spotted on a chip (high density chip).
Many substrates like polystyrene, poly vinylidene flouride (PVDF), and nitrocellulose membranes, which have been used to attach proteins in traditional biochemical analysis are used as protein chip support material on which proteins are spotted (immobilized).
A very convenient method is to cover the glass surface with nitrocellulose membrane or poly-L-lysine such that protein can be adsorbed.
Protein stays on the surface with random orientation and can be washed in stringent conditions.
To increase the strength of binding of protein to the surface, protein can be cross-linked to the surface with cross-linkers which has functional group that react with hydroxyl group on the glass surface and functional group on protein.
Many substrates like cyanogens bromide, ethylchloroformate, carbodimide, glutaraldehyde, polystyrene, nitrocellulose membranes etc, which have been used to attach protein in traditional biochemical analyse are used as protein chip support material on which proteins are spotted (immobilized).
